Friday, May 16, 2014

Mindanao’s Miracle School

 “Just rest and be ready by 7:30,” was all Gel told us upon arriving.  It was almost a whole day drive from Cotabato City to Bukidnon’s best kept academic secret.  Raj cannot take a leave from hospital duty; and Ram was waiting to be called anytime for his flight to sandy dunes.  Isn't it coincidental that there were also just the three of us when Gel finished the grades...?

It is graduation weekend for thirty-seven (37) high school seniors, and parents who live afar had to plan as early as six months ahead to be able to fit everything on schedule.

We came from 235 kilometers away; other parents came from Ozamis, Iligan, Agusan, Surigao, Davao, Cagayan, GenSan, Visayas, Luzon, US, China, Thailand and Indonesia.  While we had to save for this trip, there were parents who could not come because they just had enough for every day expenses. 

The stage had minimal decorations. It had a clean, dignified feel to it.  Friday vespers started on time and teenagers who in their everyday life looked mischievous and playful, were now transformed into respectable young people in their graduation gowns.  They marched in on two long gray lines, and presented themselves to their parents and school administration for a candle-lit consecration.

Such a solemn ceremony did not fail to sting my eyes.  Images of a frail preemie born inside a family jeep 16 years ago run like a movie in my mind.  Only praises to a wonderful Giver of Life and Learning filled my heart.  I realized it was not easy letting a daughter through four years of secondary training in this miracle school.          

* * * * *

Management Marvel

Nestled deep in the heart of the province just at the foot of Mt Kitanglad is 1000-hectare Mountain View College.  Founded in 1953, this place that I call a Management Marvel actually started as a vision of Seventh-Day Adventist Missionary Andrew Nelson: fertile land, quiet, no typhoons, forested, with swift streams[1].    

Sixty years later, the fertile land continuously provided this self-contained community their food: organically grown vegetables and rice, cash crops like corn, sugar cane, rubber.  On the same land are school buildings, a small ranch for cows, goats and chickens; a church, an auditorium, cafeteria, store, clinic, radio station, dorms for national and international students, alumni guest house, houses for faculty and staff, tennis & basketball courts, soccer field, and until recently, an airstrip.  Far from cities and its social struggles, the quiet atmosphere in 16-20 degree weather provided for meditation and study.  The forest provided for communion with nature and building needs; and the swift streams for hydroelectric power.

Catholic Girl Gets Adventist Education

Protestant family friends convinced my parents to send me to MVC for high school in 1976.  I was excited with being by myself I could not remember feeling any separation anxiety.  As a 13-year old I loved the thought of having my own bed even if it was on the second deck; meeting new classmates and going to church on Saturdays.

Having to eat all vegetables for breakfast, lunch and dinner did not faze me; and I found it amusing that some schoolmates literally dropped out because of cafeteria food.  (I think it pays a lot to grow up in a strict Catholic home where the main staple was a good sermon on how other children did not have anything to eat).  Most Seventh-Day Adventists are vegetarians; they are taught that the body is the temple of God.  And since it is the temple of God, one has to take good care of it.  No pork; no junk; no alcohol; no colas.

Prayer was part and parcel of everything: before class, after class, before meals, before play, before travel, before programs.  Inseparable to prayer was music. There were lessons on piano, violin, classical guitar, saxophone, trumpet, trombone, etc. many students could blend a tune in four voices at a click of a finger.  I learned how to pray the Adventist way; joined the choir, played the piano in school and in church services.  Bible study was as exciting as any field of study.  There was just so much to learn I think I wanted to sleep early so that the next day would also come early.    

I wanted to be a working student; but only college students were allowed to work.  The school has a work-study program and it literally runs on student force.  Working students are paid by the hour and are present in all departments: as assistant dorm deans, cafeteria workers, janitorial staff, vegetable gardeners, landscape gardeners, librarians, radio technicians, etc.  What they earn pays for board, lodging and tuition; and depending on work and study loads, earn their diplomas in 5-10 years.  Many of them then fill in the work force of many Adventist missions around the world, mostly schools and hospitals.

Building Resilience

Our dorm was a long, wooden structure with GI roofing.  Cold wind sometimes whistled through spaces from the wooden floor.  Morning bell was at 5 and if you’re a minute late, you’d have to wait for any vacant shower or comfort room.  530 is worship time; and by 6 everybody starts a beeline to the cafeteria some 200 meters away.  Flag ceremony is 715.  Classes are followed by one-hour lunch and supper breaks which is mostly consumed by lining up in the cafeteria and making sure your tray is emptied of leftovers and stacked right after for student workers to wash.  Evening worship is at 730 and if you do not make use of the next two hours for reviewing your notes there’d be no chance to study after lights out at 930.

I did not like being rushed, and I didn’t like to wait either.  Such a schedule taught me how to be ahead of everybody.  I had the bathroom and toilet all to myself before the bell rang; and while everybody was short of complaining for their turns, I was dressed and ready for the next big thing. 

The school hydro provided for 24-hour electricity; but we did not have hot showers.  We took daily baths in ice-cold water gushing from overhead faucets that did not have perforated shower heads.   Looking back, I did not even make full use of my one and only red woolen sweater even in the constant fog.  It was either that my body temperature has reached a balance with the outside temperature after the cold baths or I was just plain hyperactive.  Light bulbs and appliances used 110 volts; if our clothes did not dry in the cold weather, we just ironed the damp ones until it was dry.  We just left the lights on; as both dorm and school had central switches.   Even the auditorium and street lights were on during the day.

Every month we were allowed 1 weekend and two Sundays off complete with leave permits.  The full weekend will be for the family if it is in another accessible town; and the Sundays if we want to go on a day trip anywhere.  We had to be back in the dorm not a minute later than the allowed time.  The fourth Sunday is meant to be spent just inside the school for tree planting, soccer, camping and other outdoor activities like biking or trekking.

I looked forward to going back to MVC after every summer; but these stopped by the time I reached Junior year when my mother got sick of cancer.

Fast forward to 2010

We wanted a place for a teenage girl to start exploring the world so we thought of MVC.  Gel can exercise her independence in a well-supervised environment away from hovering parents.  Two look-see trips to the school helped reduce any shock she might experience having to be away alone for the first time. 

Only a remnant of a wooden school building now stood as a memorial of how things had been in our time.  All the buildings are now made of concrete; dormitory rooms in two-storey and three-storey buildings had their own toilet & baths.  Wifi was regulated in the worship hall, and buildings already had 220-volt sockets.  Olympic sized and kiddie pools provided actual education on swimming; and there were more trees now I tried to imagine which ones I planted more than thirty years ago. 

The policies didn’t change much: morning bell, weekend leaves, etc. Gel also has her main staple at home she didn’t have any problem adjusting to vegetarian cafeteria food.  We just braced for the tight schedules ahead.  And because Gel was Daddy’s Girl, Jun might just break down.

Unexpectedly, the separation anxiety that did not hit me as a child hit me hard as a mother.  Saying bye-bye on the phone with my little girl waving her hand from a distance was just too much too bear.  The tears didn’t stop flowing for the next hour on the road.

“I thought I was the one who was supposed to cry?” Jun provided comic relief. 

Adjustments included nightly phone calls; tardiness for worship and class; erratic grades.  While we parents had a choice of just paying the equivalent cost for her tardiness, we chose that she work for the equivalent number of hours to compensate. Thus, she cut the corresponding square meters of grass and wiped the corresponding number of windows until she learned the value of punctuality by the time she became a sophomore.

Teachers and dorm deans do not scold the students for their infractions.  They discussed with parents or guardians every issue concerning their children.  At one time, Gel’s attachment to her laptop seemed to be a problem; we agreed with the principal to confiscate it until she straightened out.  We only found out during her senior year that it was seen as some kind of a legendary disciplinary move.    

Shaping Character and Spirit

We had Youth Development Training (YDT), and Citizen’s Army Training (CAT) during our time.  Plus, we also had Pathfinder Training.  I aimed to be an officer by senior year; but since I only stayed for two years, the highest I could go up from being just an ordinary cadet was a snare drummer. 

Gel was able to undergo Pathfinder initiation and qualified to be a Scribe or Secretary by Senior Year.  Their formation included campings, survival trainings, and emergency preparedness.  They also raised chickens from chickhood up to saleable size.  Their outreach programs included teaching small children in neighboring barangays how to read and write and telling them Bible Stories.   

Viena Veida[2]

This batch calls themselves One Of A Kind.  The class philosophy: Walk God’s Narrow Way.  Indeed, there was nothing else that we parents had to fuss about when we arrived as the whole class prepared everything with supervision from their teachers.  We did not have to spend for a new graduation dress because Sabbath was always an occasion to dress up so it’s a regular thing.  The prom gown that Gel designed herself didn’t cost as much as we expected had it been sewn in Cotabato.  The rent for toga was minimal.  No contributions were collected to hire stage designers and chairs because the students did it themselves.  We were not required to solicit anything for the yearbook.  Graduation lunch was pot luck so that each family basically just spent for themselves and shared everything from one table.

That the school gives Loyalty Awards to parents came as a pleasant surprise.  Parents were awarded if their children completed four years of high school.  The wider, easier way would have been to send one’s child to a school that did not require them to do hard work.  The wider, easier way would have been not to traverse 15 kilometers of unpaved interior roads to be able to reach what is also known as School of the Light.  The wider, easier way would have been to just pay tuition and other fees upfront and demand for entitlements.  It was indeed a hard-earned award.       

* * * * *

Alumni of Mountain View College Academy were requested to stand up and sing the school anthem with the new graduates towards the recessional.  I was not qualified to stand but I sang every word from the bottom of my heart.

If there is a school that instills discipline, concepts of authority, rules, leadership and responsibility without being called military -- I think MVC is it.  If I were to build a school, this would be the perfect model.  But since I cannot build a school, sending my daughter there was the best I could do; and pray that many more are accepted.  There was much that a two-year stay there influenced my life until now.  I believe it will do the same to my daughter and to the hundreds who have passed through its gates.

Remember, the sixty plus years did not just breeze through.  Just like any institution, MVC had its share of crises.  But they always did one and the same narrow strategy: prayer and fasting. 

It always resulted to nothing less than -- yes, you're right: a miracle.


 




* * * * *
Cotabato City
5 May 2014

Aveen Acuña-Gulo posts herself on Facebook as a Monumental Operations Manager (MOM).  She is a Bukidnon-born Cebuano mother of three (3) Maguindanao-Ilonggo-Cotabateño children; who will always be a child at heart even if she is a hundred years old.









[1] Tanamal, Job: Mountain View College, The Miracle School (2012). An expanded edition of A Pioneer’s Diary.  The author is selling the books to help build an Astronomical Observatory.
[2] Latvian for One Of A Kind

Friday, May 2, 2014

CSOs as Cheering Squads

Have CSOs in Mindanao reduced themselves to being cheering squads for the GRP-MILF in their talks?

Before answering that question, let me say that I am sharing this reflection as I am also part of Civil Society, defined by Wikipedia as “…the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens.  Civil Society includes the family and the private sphere, referred to as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business[1]…” 

Thus, whatever I say here is not plucked from thin air, but based on personal experience.  I may interchange CSO, NGO, international organizations, to mean one and the same in this article.  There are things we are uncomfortable doing as individuals but are compelled to do collectively within the NGO culture.  It may or may not be applicable to some; but then again, real and true only from my own perspective.  It may strike sensitivities; but I believe that only sincere introspection would straighten this evolving reputation of CSOs, on whether we “ma­­­nifest the interest and will of citizens". 

Whatever is factually incorrect in this article is solely my responsibility. 

Where we are – Conflict Affected Mindanao or CAM (to separate us from the rest of the island that did not experience the types of wars we went through), NGOs have mushroomed to a thick alphabet soup after the signing of the GRP-MNLF Final Peace Agreement in 1996.  That time it was still considered scandalous to spend money on car rental where the same amount could have already built a small house for one bakwit family.

Donor money required local partners to be able to implement projects.  There was a mad rush to form cooperatives without necessarily cooperating.  Suppliers and service providers were screened supposed to be for best value at lowest cost.  Track records were retrofitted to suit donor requirements.  Insiders saw the opportunity to incorporate some business entity overnight.  Capacity building took the form of being able to package oneself professionally rather than the capacity to build desired, long-lasting outcomes.  The uncomfortable term was “donor-driven advocacy”, where as long as one is adept at using technical terms like proposal, outputs, outcomes, commitment, challenges, strategic planning,  graphically describing how conflict-ridden is a place, putting in figures whose only modicum of truth is that it was provided by local government units – funding is assured.         

But by what standards should CSOs be measured up in their respective advocacies, mandates, vision, mission, goals and objectives?  (The immediate thing that comes to mind is the Culture of Peace Framework of Dr Toh Swee Hin.  Dr Toh introduced Peace Education to the Philippines in the 80s; and since Notre Dame University saw the horrors of the 70s war, it was the only taker then). 

Promotion of the Culture of Peace was also a major component of the SPCPD-NEDA-UN-MDP[2] (which became GRP-UN-MDP[3] and then ACTFORPEACE[4] or A4P).   A handful of peace-building frameworks were also tried by others but as to what was the most effective among these there should be good documentation somewhere. 

It seems like everybody was in a hurry to let both combatants and victims go from arms to farms, bala to pala, bullets to ballots, be good business managers, politicians, effective organizers, entrepreneurs, institution-builders, birth-spacers, peace-builders – within a time frame shorter than what the war itself took. 

In between, there were still wars, smaller ones.  This time it was mostly between the GPH[5] (from GRP it became GoP then GPH) and the MILF and its spin-off, the BIFF.  While many among us have become experts in mouthing peace slogans, there was still a huge disconnect between the peace as envisioned compared with what was happening.  The peace process is often used as an excuse not to implement laws against narco-politics, gun proliferation, bad governance or the lack of it, logging, mining, smuggling, etc.   

As there has been no war the scale of the foiled 2008 MOA-AD, there is an uncomfortable acceptance that, yeah, maybe this is peace.  

But: hasn’t it also been said that peace is not just the absence of war?  While Culture of Peace and Peace-building have become buzzwords for a time within the development circles, it seems it has become a very rare word these days.  Maybe it has become boring.

To compare with Dr Toh’s Peace Framework:

1.       Dismantling the Culture of War;
2.       Living with Compassion and Justice
3.       Promoting Human Rights and Responsibility
4.       Living in Harmony with the Earth
5.       Building Cultural Respect, reconciliation and solidarity
6.       Nurturing inner peace

Dismantling the Culture of War.  Offhand, one aspect that CSOs can be commended for being successful at is promoting the mantra of NO TO WAR.  Everybody hated war so much it had to stop.  Everyone seems to be tired of war: rebel, soldier, victim, survivor, humanitarian worker, bystander.  Even children paraded (or were made to parade?) bringing placards.  Maybe the only ones who are disappointed that the war stopped are those who cashed in on donor money intended to help the victims.

Living with Compassion and Justice.  There seems to be one NGO each for any sector, for any cause.  NGOs for women, for children, for the youth, the elderly.  (Wait: Since the family is the basic unit of society, are there NGOs focusing on families?) They are vulnerable groups and they need special protection and attention.  But through the years Conflict-Affected Mindanao (CAM) has been through this cycle, were studies ever conducted on the levels of self-esteem of war-affected individuals, much less their psychological and mental health?  Psychosocial interventions sound sexy, but what is it really? 

In the early years of rebuilding from war, I got my first thought-provoking comment from a combatant: “You (foreign agencies) just come here with your bottled water.” 

While cries for justice are common, compassion is almost not discussed: Compassion is feeling for the other, being one with the other.  How can one indeed, while helping a war-ravaged community build say, a water system, brandish innocently, bottled water?  How can one discuss food security to a community and splurges on the latest foodie craze upon returning to the city?  Can communities really warm up to NGO workers who visit them in fancy cars and yes, fancy outdoorsy clothing and gadgets?      

Promoting Human Rights and Responsibility.  CAM is beset with violations, human rights and more.  But surprisingly, documentation of violations of the rights of indigenous peoples seems to be on the radar of CSOs only very recently.   Forgive the bias, but I just knew about IP issues in Maguindanao only at the time I got involved with them -- just this couple of years.  Everybody was just too busy making itself visible to the next big donor only a few souls saw the need to bring to the arena this group whose issues were always shoved under the rug because they did not have guns to catch attention.

Living in Harmony with the Earth.  Consumerism is an environmental issue.  Never in the history of CAM had business been brisker hereabouts.  Rarely can you now find trainings conducted by CSOs that do not involve at least two snacks and one meal per day.  These heavy meals have to have soft drinks or flowing coffee and all together cost more if catered than bought straight out of a store.  And yes, those disposable cups and styro boxes, plastic straws, spoons and forks; plastic folders and ID cases; kits that accumulate thru months and years of rehashed seminars & workshops.  Hotels, restaurants and catering services are flourishing it’s a wonder that conflict actually continues to be the motivation for aid, er, investment.  Rarely can you now find workshops or trainings where participants bring their own ballpens and baon, thanks to NGO culture.  Talk about self-reliance.    

(Let me digress a little.  There was light talk among colleagues shortly before the CAB was signed.  The exchange goes something like this, “Of course, other cities will support the CAB.  Don’t you notice that after the GRP-MNLF Peace Agreement was signed, that was also the time Davao, Gensan, Marbel and Cagayan de Oro boomed? Donor money did not circulate much here in Cotabato City.  People from here preferred to have their seminars there so that they can go site-seeing, shopping afterwards; and if they’re male, be educated on how red-light districts operate!”)

While some CSOs advocate for environmental protection, there’s not much they can do with conflicting national and local policies towards granting mining & logging permits to big companies; a government as primary endorser of chemical inputs and seeds that can’t produce its next generation; and the welcoming of bananas and African palm to maximize cheap labor from unschooled constituents.

Building Cultural Respect, reconciliation and solidarity.  A fellow worker from one NGO texted me: “Settlers should just leave it to the Maguindanaons and the Teduray, Lambangian and Dulangan Manobo to settle their conflicts within themselves.”

It came as a surprise as I never thought being a settler is actually an issue against giving assistance towards the marginalized.

So I asked: “Does your suggestion also apply to other CSOs/NGOs whose staff are settlers helping in the conflict-affected areas of Maguindanao?” 

Let me just leave the long exchange at that.

I thought: what should the Maguindanaons get that the Lumads are not entitled to in this whole context of CSOs providing support to the marginalized, the vulnerable and the weak?  What purpose then, would CSOs have if they do not represent the marginalized, the vulnerable and the weak?  Had the Maguindanaons really helped the Lumads in their vulnerable state, would the latter have asked for help from outside?  Going further, had the MNLF or the MILF resolved its conflict with the government, would it have asked help from third country facilitators?  And so on and so forth.

IPDEV made an assessment of the NGOs/CSOs assisting the Lumads or non-Moro IPs in the ARMM (80 bgys in Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur).  There are those who claim to be tri-people; but gravitate towards assisting mostly the Muslims and the Christians.  Only one is purposely for the Lumads.  Not to put fault on these NGOs, but maybe that’s just the way things are: the dominant culture always surfaces.  But the discussion is evolving – a realization that there are not only three peoples in Mindanao.

Nurturing inner peace.  What if CSOs teach and practice that if a person is at peace with himself, the world would be one unpeaceful person less?  CSOs are no different from any other social grouping.  They too have their share of office dynamics, organizational cultures and sub-cultures, intra- and inter-organizational friction, personal and relationship struggles, credit and billing concerns that tarpaulins now compete with epals, transparency and accountability issues. 

Why are CSOs putting labels on each other if they don’t agree with each other’s ideas?  Calling each other spoilers, evil whisperers, traitors, etc?  With the internet and virtual warriors on Facebook, labeling and name-calling has multiplied exponentially over time. 

It is said that in peace, the process is as important as the goal. Does unpeaceful language really have a place in a peace process? Did their Culture of Peace or lessons on Peacebuilding fly off the window if we CSOs got any at all? 

This language, this war of words – belie our causes.

October 2012 and March 2014.  The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (FAB) and the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) respectively, are signed.  Nobody was quite prepared, aside from the peace panels, on this major development in the peace talks. 

I still maintain that no amount of consultations will promote understanding on what is going on.  Consultations, roadshows, caravans have become a one way traffic of disseminating information it doesn't look any different from an election campaign.  Aren’t these just good excuses to spend money?  Better than spending it on war, so they say. 

On second thought, had combatants been sent back to school or given some catch-up educational program to resume what they have left off when they joined the revolution, would they have been PhDs, Doctors, Engineers, Scientists, Managers etc many times over by now, after 17 years?  Had the money spent on checklists of trainings (menu-type choices) been spent instead on elementary schools (okay, basic education – Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic), shouldn’t it have been less difficult now to explain concepts like power sharing, wealth sharing, transitional mechanism, demobilization, self-determination, self-reliance, dignity of honest labor, industriousness – that whole spectrum of values because they know how to read and write in English, Filipino and their mother tongue?  

Some CSOs are aggressively campaigning for people to say YES to the Bangsamoro Basic Law.  No problem.  But do they really expect results without people really understanding the issue in the first place? Saying yes without understanding just to please both panels? That’s not very democratic – that’s coercion.  This way CSOs lose their independence towards being the arbiter, the neutral ground, ensuring that both sides are true to their word. 

And oh, by the way, people in the CAM are not only composed of the GPH and MILF.  By being cheering squads only to the two panels, we CSOs have failed to “ma­­­nifest the interest and will of citizens" and lost the opportunities to bring the other affected peoples to the peace side of the fence. 

Sayang.   

* * * * *
Cotabato City
2 May 2014

Aveen Acuña-Gulo has worked with the United Nations under different programs since 1998 (IOM, UN-MDP, UN Volunteers, UN-World Food Programme).  She is currently the Project Manager of IPDEV, a three-year EU-assisted project for the recognition and empowerment of indigenous peoples in the ARMM.  IPDEV is implemented by the consortium of Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Institute for Autonomy and Governance and Development Consultants.  The views expressed here are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EU, KAS, IAG and DEVCON.

She wrote a column “The Voice” for the Mindanao Cross from 1991-2006. She likes to challenge stereotypes.  
“Don’t worry about my opinions,” she says.  “It won’t make a dent to the conventional."  




[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society
[2] Southern Philippines Council for Peace and Development (SPCPD); National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA); United Nations (many UN Agencies and Donor Countries); Multi-Donor Program
[3] Government of the Republic of the Philippines; United Nations; Multi-Donor Programe
[4] Action for Conflict Transformation for Peace Programme
[5] Government of the Philippines